A Practical Framework for Collecting and Uploading Spatial Data to the OpenStreetMap Web Mapping Service Using GIS

Abstract

The aim of this study is to present a practical and systematic framework for the collection, standardization, and uploading of spatial data to the OpenStreetMap (OSM) platform using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). In Afghanistan, spatial data related to infrastructure, urban services, and other geographic features are typically maintained in a fragmented manner across governmental agencies and various organizations. Although a substantial portion of these datasets falls within the category of Public Data and is not considered confidential, access to such information remains limited for users, researchers, and planning institutions. OpenStreetMap (OSM), as one of the world's leading open-source collaborative mapping platforms, enables the free collection, editing, and sharing of spatial data while providing an environment in which users can access geographic information and contribute to its continuous improvement through Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). This research proposes a comprehensive workflow that includes the collection of spatial data from institutional sources and field surveys using Open Data Kit (ODK), data processing and standardization within a GIS environment, data modeling according to the OSM data model, and the structured uploading of spatial data to the OSM database. A case study conducted in Gardez City, Paktia Province, Afghanistan, demonstrated that the proposed workflow improves data accuracy, reduces data preparation time, enhances information integration, and increases public access to spatial data. The findings indicate that the proposed framework can serve as a practical model for improving open access to spatial data, supporting the development of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), and enhancing urban planning and spatial decision-making processes in developing countries.